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[[ÀλêÈ­È¿¼Òµé]]

**PI3K : ÁöÁúÀλêÈ­È¿¼Ò**IGF-1½Ã±×³¯¸µ--Ç÷´ç Á¶Àý/¿¡³ÊÁö »ý¼º... **¼¼Æ÷ Áõ½Ä ºÐÈ­ ¹× **¾ÆÆ÷ÇÁÅä½Ã½º¿¡ °ü¿©...ÀÌ»óÀÌ ¹ß»ý½Ã dm, cancer, ÇнÀ/Àå±â±â¾ï ÀÌ»ó À¯¹ß.....NFkB¿°Áõ°ü·ÃÀü»çÀÎÀÚ/MAPK....NRF2

**(¼¼Æ÷Áõ½ÄÀÎÀÚÈ°¼º´Ü¹éÀλêÈ­) ERK : MAPKmitogen-activatedPK=ERKextracellular signal-regulated kinase  :: EGF + EGFR --> RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK·Î À̾îÁø´Ù

**PKC : Protein kinaseC ´Ü¹éÀλêÈ­È¿¼Ò

**KEAP1 (Kelch-like ECH asso.protein)

) Áï, Nrf2´ÂÁï°¢ÀûÀÎ ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ Ç×»ó¼º À¯Áö¿Í ¼¼Æ÷ º¸È£ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ³Ñ¾î¿°Áõ, ºÐÈ­, ¼¼Æ÷»ç¸ê, ¼¼Æ÷ ºÐÈ­, Á¶Á÷ Àç»ý ¹× ½ÉÁö¾î´ë»ç Á¶Àý¿¡µµ °ü¿©ÇÑ´Ù

**Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) 

Nrf2´Â Nfe2 (Nuclear factor erithroid-derived 2)-related factor2ÀÇ ¾à¾î·Î 1994³â¿¡ Á¤¸³µÈ ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ½ºÆ®·¹½º ½ÅÈ£¿¡ ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ¿© Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÌ°í ´Ù¾çÇÑ Àü»ç±âÀüÀ» È°¼ºÈ­½ÃÅ°´Â Àü»çÀÎÀÚÀÌ´Ù.

**³úÀ¯·¡½Å°æ¿µ¾çÀÎÀÚ(Òàë¦ÕÎãêÌèç´å×ì×í­, ¿µ¾î: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor), ³ú½Å°æ »ýÀåÀÎÀÚ, ¶Ç´Â BDNF´Â BDNF À¯ÀüÀÚ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ »ý¼ºµÇ´Â ³ú ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ´Ü¹éÁú·Î¼­, ¼ºÀå¿ä¼ÒÀÇ ÀϺÎÀÎ ½Å°æ¿µ¾çÀÎÀÚ Áý´Ü ÁßÀÇ ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù.

***Acute-phase proteins[ÆíÁý]

¿°ÁõÀº Àü½Å¿¡ Acute-phase proteinÀÇ °í¹ßÇöÀ» À¯µµÇÑ´Ù. ±Þ¼º¿°Áõ¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ´Ü¹éÁúÀÌ ÀÌ·Ó´Ù°í ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ¸¸¼º¿°Áõ¿¡¼­´Â ¾Æ¹Ð·ÎÀ̵åÁõ¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» Áشٰí ÇÑ´Ù.[46] ÀÌ·¸°Ô Àü½Å¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ´Â ´Ü¹éÁúÀÇ Á¾·ù´Â C-reactive protein (CRP), Serum amyloid A (SAA), serum amyloid P component (SAP) µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.==Áõ»óÀ¸·Î´Â ¹ß¿­ ¶¡ °Å½ÄÁõ Ç÷¾ÐÀÇ Áõ°¡ Malaise Á¹¸²

@@Nrf2ÀÇ ±â´Éµé
===[È°¼º»ê¼Ò Á¦°Å]basal and induced transcription of phase II antioxidant proteinsÀ» ÁßÀç±âÀüÀ¸·Î, È°¼º»ê¼Ò (ROS)ÀÇ Á¦°Å¸¦ ÅëÇØ µ¶¼Ò¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼¼Æ÷¼Õ»ó ¾ïÁ¦ :::: NFkB»ý»êÀ» ¾ïÁ¦((phosphorylated p65))
===[¼¼Æ÷³»¹°Áú ³óµµ]NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), γ-glutamyl cysteine ligase modulatory subunit (GCLM), the catalytic subunit (GCLC) ,and ferritin :¼¼Æ÷³» ÀûÀýÇÑ ¼öÁØÀ» À¯Áö
===[¼¼Æ÷³» ±¸¼º¿ä¼Ò ¾ÈÁ¤] ¼¼Æ÷³» protein and organelle homoeostasis [5,6]. 
===[´ç´ë»ç ±ÕÇü Á¶Àý] pentose phosphate pathway ±¸¼º¿ä¼ÒµéÀÇ Àü»ç¸¦ Á¶Àý, ´ç´ë»çÁ¶È­±ÕÇü À¯Áö
**KEAP1 : Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 ..ROSÀÇ ¼¾¼­ ¿ªÇÒ.....Nrf2¾ç Á¶ÀýÀÇ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ä¼Ò..
KEAP1´Ü¹éÀÚü´Â KEAP1-Cullin3-Rbx1º¹ÇÕü¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î¼­ NrF2ÀÇ À¯ºñÄûÅ×À̼ǰúÁ¤À» ÅëÇÑ proteasomal degradation¿¡ °ü¿©.....ÀÏ´Ü ROS ÀÚ±ØÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁö¸é ±¸Á¶º¯È­¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸ÄѼ­ ´õ ÀÌ»ó »õ·Î¿î Nrf2¿Í °áÇÕÀ» ¸·°í ¼¼Æ÷ÇÙÀ¸·Î ÁýÇÕÇÑ ÈÄ, small Maf´Ü¹é°ú Çùµ¿Çؼ­ Ÿ°ÙÀ¯ÀüÀÚ ÇÁ·Î¸ðÅͳ»¿¡ antioxidant responsive elements (ARE) ¿¡ °áÇÕÇÏ¿© À¯ÀüÀÚ Àü»ç¸¦ À¯µµÇÑ ÈÄ ÇÙ¿¡¼­  β-TrCP–GSK3β axis¸¦ ÅëÇØ degradationµÇ°Å³ª ´Ù¸¥ °æ·Î·Î ¼¼Æ÷Áú³»·Î ȸ±ÍµÊ 
@@MAPK ±¸¼º3¿ä¼Ò : ERK, JNK, P38K 
----1>MAPK´Â ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ¿ÜºÎÀڱؿ¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ¼ºÀå, »ç¸ê, ºÐÈ­ µî ¿¡ °ü¿© 
----2>MAP Kinase´Â ERK/ JNK/P38 pathway¸¦ ÅëÇؼ­ NFkBÇìÅ׷δÙÀ̸Ó(p50, p65)¿Í NFkB¾ïÁ¦ÀÎÀÚÀÎ IκBαÀÇ °áÇÕÀ» À¯µµÇÏ¿© p-IkBaº¹ÇÕü¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î¼­ ºÒÈ°È­½ÃÅ°°í ÀÌ º¹ÇÕü°¡ proteasomal degradationµÇ´Â °ÍÀ» ÃËÁø½ÃÅ´..
@@NFkB±â´É Á¶Àý :: MAPKÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ
NFkB´Â ´ë°³ÀÇ °æ¿ì IkB¿Í ¼¼Æ÷Áú³»¿¡¼­ °áÇÕ»óÅÂ(p-IKB)·Î Á¸Àç......°á±¹, NFkBÈ°¼º Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ìµéÀº .Ikb degradationÀ» À¯µµÇÏ´Â IKK(IkB kinase-¾ËÆÄ, º£Å¸, °¨¸¶)º¹ÇÕü°¡ È°¼ºµÉ ¶§¿¡ °¡´É
****IκBα (nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha) 
:  ´Ü¹éÁúÀÇ ÀÏÁ¾...Àü»çÀÎÀÚNFkBÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷ÇÙ³» ºÙ´Â À§Ä¡¸¦ ¸¶½ºÅ·Çؼ­ NFkB±â´ÉÀ» ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ°í ¶ÇÇÑ Á÷Á¢ NFkB°¡ DNA¿¡ ºÙ´Â °ÍÀ» Â÷´ÜÇؼ­ ¼¼Æ÷Áú³»¿¡¼­ ºñÈ°¼ºÈ­/Á¦°ÅµÇµµ·Ï À¯µµÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¿°Áõ¹°ÁúÆøÁõ ¹æÁö((ÀÚ¹°¼è¿ªÇÒ))
****NFkBÈ°¼ºÀ» ÀÚ±ØÇÏ´Â ¿ä¼Òµé(IKKÈ°¼º ÀÚ±Ø)  :::  bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), viral double stranded (ds) RNA and ionizing radiation µîÀÇ TNF-a, IL-1 Áõ°¡À¯¹ß »óŵé 
@@NFkBÈ°¼º ÃËÁø : IKK( inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase) º¹ÇÕü  ::: NFkBÇìÅ׷δÙÀ̸Ó(p50,<
 IKK  Complex¿Í ÇÔ²² reg.subunitÀÎ IKK-°¨¸¶/NEMO°¡ ÇÔ²² °ü¿©ÇÔ, 
==IKK-b¿Í IKK-r°¡ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÖ¾î¾ß NFkB°¡ ÃÖÃÊ È°¼ºÈ­ µÊ ===>±×ÈÄ À̾ IKK-a°¡ DNA°áÇÕÀ» µµ¿ò.......¿©±â¿¡ Casein kinase2´Â IKK¿Í ¹«°üÇÏ°Ô NFkBÈ°¼ºÀ» ÃËÁø½ÃÅ´
@@Ç×»êÈ­ nutrientsµéÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ : 
==ROSÁßÈ­
==MAPK È°¼º// IkBa ÀÚ±Ø : NFkB(p50, 65)¿Í °áÇÕ ÃËÁø --->proteasomal degradation..
==IKK-b È°¼º ÀÚü¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦

[[TH1, Th2 °ú´ÙÈ°¼º °ü·Ã Áúȯµé]]
##CD8+ /Th1 associated, CD4+/Th2 associated
==Th1 : CMI autoimmune//¼¼±Õ.¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º °¨¿°°ü·Ã ....
***type4 delayed Hypersensitivity(DTH) :contact dermatitis-Multiple Sclerosis-PPD 
***Th1-dominated responses : :: organ-specific autoimmune disorders, acute allograft rejection, unexplained recurrent abortions, contact dermatitis-Multiple Sclerosis-PPD, and some chronic inflammatory disorders of unknown etiology.
==Th2 : HI autoimmune (allergy, asthma)//±â»ýÃæ °¨¿°°ü·Ã...
***type 1(AllergyAnaphylaxisAtopy), , type2 Ab(RheumaticFever, GoodPasture sd, hemolyticDis.ofNewborn), type3.Complex(SLE, RA, PSGN) hypersensitivity
***Th2-dominated responses ::: Omenn's syndrome, reduced protection against some intracellular pathogens, transplantation tolerance, chronic GVDH, atopic disorders, and some systemic autoimmune diseases.

@¿°Áõ À¯¹ß ¾ïÁ¦ ¹× »êÈ­½ºÆ®·¹½º Á¶Àý °úÁ¤ Áß µÎ°³ÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ Àü»çÀÎÀÚ
 : NrF2(Ç׿°, Ç×»êÈ­), NFkB(¿°Áõ¹°Áú/»çÀÌÅäÄ«ÀÎ ÆøÁõ À¯¹ß)»çÀÌÀÇ »óÈ£Á¶Àý(½Ã¼Ò±ÕÇüÀ¯Áö°¡ ¸ñÇ¥)
Nrf2°æ·Î°¡ °áÇÌ/ÀÌ»ó½Ã  NF-κB activity°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÏ¿©  °á±¹ »çÀÌÅäÄ«ÀÎ »ý»êÀÌ ÆøÁõµÉ °Í, ¹Ý¸é¿¡ NF-κB°¡ Nrf2¿Í ÇÔ²² Á¸Àç½Ã´Â Nrf2Àü»ç¿Í ARE È°¼ºÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¿°Áõ¹°Áú ¹ß»ýÀÌ ÀûÁ¤¼±¿¡¼­ Á¶Àý, Áï »çÀÌÅäÄ«ÀÎ »ý»ê À§ÇÑ Å¸°ÙÀ¯ÀüÀÚ ¹ßÇöÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä¿¡ µû¶ó ÀûÀýÈ÷ Áõ°¨µÇ´Â È¿°ú¸¦ º¸ÀÌ°Ô µÊ ===>½Å°æÁúȯÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¸¸¼º¿°ÁõÁúȯ ¹ß»ý°ú Ä¡·á¿¡ ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÑ °³³ä.
[NrF2¿Í NFkBÀÇ »ó°ü°ü°è, ]
**NF-κB(p65 subunit)Áõ°¡½Ã, Nrf2-mediated ARE (antioxidant Response Elements) expressionÀ» Á¶Àý °¡´É
----p65´Â CREB binding protein (CBP)À» ¼±ÅÃÀûÀ¸·Î Nrf2¿¡¼­ ¶¼¾î³¿À¸·Î½á Nrf2-ARE signalingÀ» ¾ïÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î Á¶Àý
**CBP´Â È°¼ºÈ­µÈp65¿Í NrF2¸¦ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¾ïÁ¦ °¡´É
----CBP (CREB (cAMP Responsive Element Binding) Protein) :: DNA¿Í °áÇÕ/Àü»ç°øÀå³» ÁøÇà°úÁ¤¿¡ À־ signal transduction°á°ú¿¡ µû¸¥ transcriptionÀ»  ÀûÀýÈ÷ Á¶ÀýÇØ ÁÖ´Â ´Ü¹éÁú
**Nrf2¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ NFkBÁ¶Àý ±âÀü : HO-1( heme oxygenase-1.. Nrf2¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¾ïÁ¦ Á¶ÀýµÊ .. heme ´ë»ç¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÏ¿© Æ÷¸£ÇǸ° ¸µÀ» fe2+¿Í ÀÏ»êȭź¼Ò, ºô¸®º£¸£µòÀ¸·Î ºÐÇØ) 
::: ÀÌ °úÁ¤Àº Nrf2 target geneÀ¸·Î¼­, Nrf2-mediated NF-κB inhibitionÀÇ Çٽɠ
----IkBa(-Pº¹ÇÕü(NFkB) ºÐ¸®¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ´Â ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î Á¶Àý((2°¡ öºÐ+ºô¸®·çºóµµ µ¿ÀÏ È¿°ú))
-----***¼¼Æ÷Áú³»·Î À¯¸®µÈ KEAP1ÀÌ µ¶ÀÚÀûÀ¸·Î IKKº£Å¸¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦(NFkB¿¡ °áÇÕÇÏ¿© ºÒÈ°È­ÁßÀÎ KB¾ïÁ¦ÀÎÀÚ IKB¾ËÆÄ°¡ ¶³¾îÁ® ³ª°¡Áö ¾Ê°Ô ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¿°Áõ¹°Áú ÆøÁõ±âÀüÀ» »çÀü¿¡ Â÷´Ü)
==============================================
Nrf2/ARE °æ·Î//Nrf2 Activator 
°Ç°­°ú ÀþÀ½Àº ¼¼Æ÷ ¼Õ»ó ¹× ¼ö¸®¿Í ȸÃá »çÀÌÀÇ ±ÕÇüÀ» ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§ÀÌ´Ù.  ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½ÅüÀÇ ¼Õ»óÀ» º¹±¸ÇÏ°í ó¸®ÇÏ´Â °æ·ÎÁß Çϳª°¡  Nrf2 °æ·ÎÀÌ¸ç »êÈ­ È¿¼Ò ¶Ç´Â »ýÁ¸°ü·Ã À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ »ý»êÀ» Á¶Àý.   
---Nrf2 È°¼ºÈ­Á¦´Â ½Åü³»ÀÇ  °¢ ¼¼Æ÷ ³»¿¡ ÀáÀçÇØ ÀÖ´Â °­·ÂÇÑ ´Ü¹éÁú. Áï Ç×»êÈ­ ¹ÝÀÀ ¿ä¼Ò(Antioxidant Response Element  ARE) ¶Ç´Â ¸ðµç Àΰ£¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÃÑ Ç×»êÈ­ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ÃÑ°ý Á¶Àý ¹°ÁúÀÎ ¼À.
---Nrf2 È°¼ºÁ¶ÀýÀº Keap1(Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1)°úÀÇ °áÇÕ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ negative regulationµÊ. 
Keap1Àº Cul3ÀÇ À¯ºñÄûƾ E3 Á¢ÇÕÈ¿¼Ò(ubiquitin E3 ligase)º¹ÇÕüÀÇ ¾î´ðÅÍ(adaptor) ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â ´Ü¹éÁú. --Keap1Àº ½Ã½ºÅ×ÀÎÀÌ Ç³ºÎÇÑ ´Ü¹éÁú·Î¼­ (626 ¾Æ¹Ì³ë»ê Áß 27°³°¡ ½Ã½ºÅ×ÀÎ), ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Æ¯¼ºÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ »êÈ­ ȯ¿ø(redox) ¼¾¼­ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ ¼öÇà °¡´É. 
**¿©±â¼­ Àá±ñ!!
1>Á¤»óÀû Á¶°Ç¿¡¼­´Â 
==Ç×»êÈ­¹æ¾îÀ¯ÀüÀÚµé ¹ßÇö¿¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â Àü»çÀÎÀÚNRF2´Â ºÒÈ°¼ºÀÇ Nrf2-KEAP1 º¹ÇÕü»óÅ·Î, ¶ÇÇÑ ¿°Áõ¹°ÁúÀü»çÀÎÀÚNF-kB´Â NFkB-IkB¾ËÆĺ¹ÇÕü»óÅ·Πproteasome-mediated degradation±âÀüÀ¸·Î Á¦°ÅµÇ¸ç, 
==p62´Â autophagy°úÁ¤À¸·Î Á¦°ÅµÊ....
2>±×·¯³ª, »êÈ­½ºÆ®·¹½º½Ã¿£, 
==KEAP1ÀÌ Nrf2¿¡ ºÙÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï Keap1ÀÇ SH-±â°¡ cysº¯ÇüµÇ°Å³ª p62¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼Ò¸êµÇ¾î ¹ö¸²¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ Nrf2°¡ Ç®·Á³ª°Ô µÇ°í °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î ARE¹ßÇö µû¸¥ »êÈ­½ºÆ®·¹½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ÁõÁøµÇ¾î ¼¼Æ÷»ýÁ¸ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇØÁö°Ô µÊ....// ¶ÇÇÑ »êÈ­½ºÆ®·¹½º °á°ú NFkB È°¼ºÀÌ À¯¹ßµÇ¸é °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î p62°¡ Up-regulationµÇ¾î keap1-Nrf2º¹ÇÕü¸¦ ºÐ¸®½ÃÅ´À¸·Î½á  ARE¹ßÇöÀ» µ½°Ô µÈ´Ù, 
3>¿ÜºÎ¿¡¼­ À¯ÀÔµÈ LPS, TNF¾ËÆÄ, IL-1º£Å¸ÀÇ ÀÚ±ØÀ¸·Î p62´Â TNF-receptor asso.factor6(TRAF6)¿ÍÀÇ º¹ÇÕü¸¦ Çü¼ºÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸ç IKKº£Å¸¿¡ ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» Á־ È°¼º½ÃÅ´¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ NFkB-p65, p50È°¼ºÀÌ ÀϾ°Ô µÈ´Ù.
4>ÇÑÆí,  autophagy°¡ °á¿©µÈ Á¶Á÷À̳ª ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼­´Â p62°¡ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ³ô±â ¶§¹®¿¡ KEAP1Àº °í°¥µÇ°í Nrf2È°¼º ¹× Ç×»êÈ­¹æ¾î±âÀüÀº ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ Áö¼ÓµÈ´Ù. 
====================================
@Nrf2  
::: Nfe2 (Nuclear factor erithroid-derived 2)-related factor2
»êÈ­ ½ºÆ®·¹½º¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿©·¯ Ç×»êÈ­È¿¼ÒÀÇ ¹ßÇö Áõ°¡¸¦ À¯µµ½ÃÄÑ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½ºÆ®·¹½º¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¿°Áõ, ½ÉÇ÷°ü°èÁúȯ, Æó ¼¶À¯È­, ±Þ¼º Æó¼Õ»ó, ÁßÃ߽Űæ°èÀÇ ÅðÇ༺ º´º¯, ³ëÈ­, ´ç´¢, ¹× ¾ÏÀÇ ¹ß»ý µîÀÇ º´¸®Àû ÁøÇà°úÁ¤¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÏ¿© ¼¼Æ÷ º¸È£ ±â´ÉÀ» ¹ßÇö.  
---1> phase II ¹«µ¶È­ È¿¼ÒµéÀÇ ¹ßÇö Á¶Àý
 :: reactive nitrogen species (RNS)¿Í reactive oxygen species(ROS)ÀÇ ¼öÁØÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â heme oxigases-1 (HO-1), inducible NOS (iNOS), catalase¿Í phase IIÈ¿¼Ò°è,   glutathion S-transferase (GST)¿Í NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase-1(NQO1) ¹ßÇö......**ÀÌÁß, HO-1 Á¶Àý±âÀüÀ¸·Î NFkB¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» Çà»ç
---2>´ÙÁ¦ÀúÇ×¼º°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ´Ü¹éÁúÀÇ À¯µµ¸¦ ÅëÇÑ ¾àÁ¦ ¼ö¼Û¿¡µµ ¿µÇâ
---3>¼¼Æ÷ ºÐÈ­ Á¶ÀýÀÚÀÎ Àü»çÀÎÀÚ NOTCH1ÀÇ ½ÅÈ£Áõ°¡±âÀü ÅëÇØ ¼¼Æ÷ ºÐÈ­ Áõ½Ä¿¡µµ °ü·Ã.  
---4>»êÈ­·È¯¿ø ¹ÝÀÀÀÇ ¼¾¼­/Á¶ÀýÀÚ·Î ÀÛ¿ë 
:: Ç×»êÈ­ È¿¼Ò¿Ü¿¡ ¸é¿ª°ú ¿°Áõ ¹ÝÀÀ, Á¶Á÷ÀÇ Àç°Ç°ú ¼¶À¯È­, ¾Ç¼º Á¾¾çÀÇ »ý¼º°ú ÀüÀÌ, ½ÉÁö¾î ÀÎÁö Àå¾Ö¿Í Áßµ¶ Áõ»ó±îÁöµµ Á¶ÀýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼ö ¹é °¡ÁöÀÇ ´Ü¹éÁú ¹ßÇö¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä§....Nrf2¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ À¯ÀüÀÚ ¹ßÇöÀÇ Á¶ÀýÀÌ»ó½Ã, Á÷¤ý°£Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿¬°üµÇ¾î ¾à 200¿© °¡ÁöÀÇ Àΰ£ÀÇ Áúº´À» À¯¹ß
---5>Cul3-Rbx1-E3 À¯ºñÄûƾ ¸®°¡¾ÆÁ¦ º¹ÇÕüÀÇ ±âÁú ¿¬°áÀڷνá ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ¿© Nrf2ÀÇ ‘on¤ýoff’ ½ºÀ§Ä¡¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇÏ¿© ¼¼Æ÷¸¦ º¸È£ÇÏ°í ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ¼ºÀåÀ» ÃËÁø½ÃÅ°´Â ¿ªÇÒ
---6>Nrf2¿Í Keap1»çÀÌ¿¡´Â ÀÚ°¡Á¶Àý Çǵå¹é ±âÀüµµ Á¸Àç. Ç×»êÈ­Á¦¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Nrf2ÀÇ È°¼ºÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡´Â Keap1ÀÇ ÇÁ·Î¸ðÅÍ È°¼ºÀ» ÃËÁø½ÃÄÑ Keap1ÀÇ ¹ßÇöµµ Áõ°¡ÇÏ°Ô µÊ. ---Áï,  Nrf2´Â Keap1ÀÇ Àü»ç ÅëÁ¦ ±âÀüÀ¸·Î  Keap1ÀÇ ¼öÁØÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ºÐÇظ¦ ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ¿© ¼¼Æ÷³»¿¡¼­ Nrf2¿Í Keap1ÀÇ ±ÕÇüÀ» ¸ÂÃß´Â ÀÚ°¡Á¶ÀýÀûÀÎ Çǵå¹éÀ» ¼öÇà.. 
---7>Pentose phosphate Pathway ´ç´ë»ç¿Íµµ °ü°è
è°á·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î, Nrf2´Â Áï°¢ÀûÀÎ ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ Ç×»ó¼º À¯Áö¿Í ¼¼Æ÷ º¸È£ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ³Ñ¾î ¿°Áõ, ºÐÈ­, ¼¼Æ÷»ç¸ê, ¼¼Æ÷ ºÐÈ­, Á¶Á÷ Àç»ý ¹× ½ÉÁö¾î ´ë»ç Á¶Àý¿¡µµ °ü¿©. 
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ArgÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Nitric oxide synthases  (NOSs)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ »ý»êµÇ´Â NO´Â Ç÷°ü ÀÌ¿Ï, Àν¶¸° »ý»ê, ±âµµÈ®Àå, Àå°ü¿îµ¿¿¡ °ü¿©Çϸç Ç÷°ü»ý¼º ¹× ½Å°æ¹ß´Þ¿¡µµ Áß¿ä...¶ÇÇÑ retrograde neurotransmitter·Î ±â´ÉÇϱ⵵ ÇÔ. Nitric oxide »ý»êÀº ±¸Á¶Àû Ãø¸é¿¡¼­´Â  the calcium-calmodulin controlled isoenzymes eNOS (endothelial NOS) and nNOS (neuronal NOS)·ÎºÎÅÍ, ¸é¿ª¹ÝÀÀ¸é¿¡¼­´Â inducible isoform, iNOS·ÎºÎÅÍ »ý»êµÇ´Âµ¥,, »ý¸®Àû È°¼º»óÅ¿¡¼­´Â calmodulin°ú °áÇÕÇÏ¿© ¼¼Æ÷¹æ¾î±âÁ¦¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³¿... ÇÑÆí, À¯¸®±â »óÅ¿¡¼­´Â  septic shock ³ª autoimmune disease À¯¹ß¿¡ °ü¿©Çϱ⵵ ÇÔ

@¾ÏȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô ±Û·çŸ¹Î(glutamine),MSG, ¾Æ½ºÆÄŽÀº ±Ý±â
***°í³óµµÀÇ ±Û·çŸ¹Î °æ±¸Åõ¿©--- Ç÷Áß ±Û·çŸ¹ÎÀÇ ºÐÇع°ÀÎ ±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ®(glutamate)  ´Ù·® »ý¼º. ±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ®(glutamate)´Â ƯÈ÷ ½Å°æ°è¿¡ dzºÎÇÏ¸ç ¼¼Æ÷ ´ë»ç¿¡¼­ Å« ¿ªÇÒÀ» Çϸç, ³ú¿¡¼­´Â °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ½Å°æÀü´Þ¹°Áú·Î¼­ ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷ »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î Á¤º¸¸¦ Àü´Þ-- ½Å°æ´Þ¹°Áú Áß¿¡¼­ ÀÚµ¿Â÷ÀÇ °¡¼Ó±â ¿ªÇÒ·Î ºñÀ¯µÇ´Â ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ ÈïºÐ¼º ½Å°æÀü´Þ¹°ÁúÀº ±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ®(glutamate)¿Í Àΰø°¨¹Ì·á ¾Æ½ºÆÄŽ(aspartame)ÀÇ ÁÖ ¼ººÐÀÎ  ¾Æ½ºÆĸ£Æ®»ê(aspartate), ÇÑÆí ºê·¹ÀÌũó¶÷ ¾ïÁ¦ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â °¡Àå ÁÖ¿äÇÑ ¾ïÁ¦¼º ½Å°æÀü´Þ¹°ÁúÀº GABA. ÀûÀýÇÑ ³ú±â´ÉÀÇ ¼öÇà¿¡ ÈïºÐ¼º°ú ¾ïÁ¦¼º ½Å°æÀü´Þ¹°Áú°£ÀÇ ±ÕÇü(balance)Àº ÇʼöÀû Á¶°Ç.... ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼­ ¹æÃâµÈ ±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ®´Â ÈÄ-½Ã³À½º ´º·±(post-synaptic neuron)ÀÇ ±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ® ¼ö¿ëü(glutamate receptors)¿¡ °áÇÕÇÏ¿© ÈïºÐ¼º °æ·Î¿¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇϸç, °¨°¢ÀÎÁö³ª ÇнÀ, ±â¾ï, Á¦¾î¿Í °°Àº ±âÃÊÀû °úÁ¤À» ÃËÁø. ÇÑÆí, ¾ËÃ÷ÇÏÀÌ¸Ó °°Àº ½Å°æ ÅðÈ­¼º Áúȯ¿¡¼­´Â ±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ® ¼ö¿ëüµéÀÌ °ú´Ù È°¼ºÀ» º¸ÀÌ°í Àִ¹٠¼ÒÀ§ ÀÌ·± ÈïºÐ¼º µ¶¼º(excito-toxicity)À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ³ú¿¡ ¼Õ»óÀÌ À¯¹ßµÊ.
***¾ÏȯÀÚ(cancer patients)ÀÇ °æ¿ì,  ±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ®´Â Ç×»ó »ó½Â »óÅÂ. ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇØ ¼¼Æ÷¸·ÀÇ ½Ã½ºÆ¾(cystine) ¿î¹ÝÀÌ °æÀïÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ïÁ¦µÇ°í, ±× °á°ú ¼¼Æ÷³» ½Ã½ºÅ×ÀÎ(cysteine)Àº °¨¼ÒµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â »óÅ°¡ È®ÁõµÊ..... ½Ã½ºÆ¾(cystine)Àº µÎ°³ÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅ×ÀÎ(cysteine)ÀÌ È²°áÇÕ(disulfide bonds)À» ÅëÇØ °áÇÕÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î¼­, ÀÌ ¹ÝÀÀÀº °¡¿ªÀû.... µû¶ó¼­ ÀÌ ½Ã½ºÆ¾(cystine)ÀÌ È¯¿øµÇ¸é µÎ°³ÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅ×ÀÎ(cysteine)ÀÌ ¸¸µé¾îÁü. ((±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ® ¼öÁØÀÌ °¡Àå ³·Àº Æó¾ÏȯÀڵ鿡¼­ »ýÁ¸À²ÀÌ °¡Àå ³ô¾Ò°í, À̵éÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ½Ã½ºÅ×ÀÎ(cysteine) ¼öÁØÀÌ °¡Àå ³ôÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î È®ÀεǾú´Ù)). Ȳ(sulphur) ÇÔÀ¯ ¾Æ¹Ì³ë»êÀÎ ½Ã½ºÅ×ÀÎ(cysteine)Àº Á¾Á¾ »êȭȯ¿ø¹ÝÀÀ¿¡ °ü¿©Çϸç, È¿¼ÒÀÇ Ã˸ÅÀÛ¿ëÀ» µ½°í, ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÎüÀÇ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ¼ö¿ë¼º Ç×»êÈ­¼ººÐÀÎ ±Û·çŸġ¿Â(glutathione)°ú Ÿ¿ì¸°(taurine)¿¡µµ ÇÔÀ¯µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ¼ººÐ. °á·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î, ü³»¿¡¼­ ±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ®°¡ ½Ã½ºÅ×ÀÎ(cysteine)°ú ±Û·çŸġ¿Â(glutathione)ÀÇ »ý¼ºÀ» ÀúÇØÇÑ´Ù...
***±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ®´Â ´º·±(½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷)ÀÇ ¹ß´Þ°úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ´º·±(½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷)ÀÇ ¼ºÀå°ú À̵¿À» Á¶ÀýÇϸç, ¶ÇÇÑ ¾Ç¼º½Å°æ±³Á¾¿¡¼­µµ º¹ÇÕÀûÀÎ ±âÀüÀ» ÅëÇØ ÁßÃßÀû ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç. ¶ÇÇÑ, ±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ®´Â Á¾¾çÁÖÀ§ ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ® ¼ö¿ëü¿Í °áÇÕÇÔÀ¸·Î½á °æ·ÃÀ¯µµ¹ÝÀÀÀ» À¯¹ßÇÏ°í, ÀÌ¿Í À¯»çÇÏ°Ô ÈïºÐµ¶¼ºÀ» À¯¹ßÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Æı«µÈ ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷ Á¶Á÷ÀÇ ºñ¿öÁø °ø°£¿¡ Á¾¾ç¼¼Æ÷°¡ È®»êµÇµµ·Ï Á¶ÀåÇÔ.. ¶ÇÇÑ ±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ®´Â ½Å°æ±³Á¾¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼­ 2°³ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ¼ö¿ëüÀÎ ÀÌ¿À³ëÆ®·ÎÇÈ(ionotropic), ¸ÞŸº¸Æ®·ÎÇÈ(metabotropic) ±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ® ¼ö¿ëü¸¦ ÁÖº¯ºÐºñ(paracrine) ¶Ç´Â ÀÚ°¡ºÐºñ(autocrine) ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î È°¼ºÈ­½ÃÅ´.
***±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ®´Â ¶ÇÇÑ Á¾¾ç¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ Áõ½Ä°ú À̵¿, ħÀ±¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡¸ç, ±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ® ±æÇ×Á¦(glutamate antagonists)°¡ Á¾¾çÁõ½ÄÀ» ¾ïÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù´Â ½ÇÇè °á°ú°¡ ÀÖÀ½.... . ±×·¸´Ù¸é ¸¸ÀÏ ±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ®ÀÇ °ø±ÞÂ÷´ÜÀÌ ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ »ç¸êÀ» À¯¹ßÇÏ°í À̵¿À» ¸·¾ÆÁشٸé, ¾ÏȯÀÚ´Â È­ÇÐÁ¶¹Ì·áÀÎ MSG(±Û·çŽ»ê ³ªÆ®·ý)À̳ª ¾Æ½ºÆÄŽ(aspartame) ¼·Ã븦 ÇÏÁö ¸»¾Æ¾ß¸¸ ÇÏ´Â °Ô ¾Æ´Ñ°¡? 
È­ÇÐÁ¶¹Ì·á MSG¿¡´Â ±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ®°¡ ÇÔÀ¯µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ƯÈ÷ ¸¹ÀÌ ¼·ÃëÇÏ¸é ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷°¡ ¸Å¿ì ºü¸£°Ô ÀÚ¶óµµ·Ï ¸¸µé¾î ÁÙ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖÀ½((¾ÏÀÇ ºñ·á??))... ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ¾Ç¼º³úÁ¾¾ç, À¯¹æ¾Ï, ÃéÀå¾Ï, ±×¸®°í ¿©·¯ ´Ù¸¥ ¾ÏµéÀÌ Æ÷ÇÔµÊ....¾Æ½ºÆÄŽÀº ¾Æ½ºÆĸ£Æ®»ê(aspartic acid)°ú Æä´Ò¾Ë¶ó´Ñ(phenylalanine) µÎ ¾Æ¹Ì³ë»êÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø Àü¼¼°è¿¡¼­ µÎ ¹ø°·Î ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÇ´Â Àΰø°¨¹Ì·á¸ç, ±×¸®°í º¹ÇÕÀûÀÎ ¹ß¾Ï °¡´É¼ºÀ» Áö´Ñ ¹°Áú·Î¼­, ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷°¡ ¾Æ½ºÆÄŽ(aspartame)¿¡ ³ëÃâµÉ ¶§, ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ À̵¿¼ºÀÌ ´õ¿í Áõ°¡Çϸç, MSG »ç¿ë°ú °°Àº °á°ú°¡ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½...
**¼ºÀåÈ£¸£¸ó/Àν¶¸° ºÐºñ Áõ°¡ :: ¼¼Æ÷¿Ü½Å°æÀü´Þ¹°Áú·Î¼­ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ ¿Ü¿¡µµ, ±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ®´Â ±Û·çŽ»ê Å»¼ö¼ÒÈ¿¼Ò(glutamate dehydrogenase: GDH)¸¦ ÅëÇÑ ´ë»ç°úÁ¤À» ÅëÇØ ¼¼Æ÷³» ½ÅÈ£±â´É¿¡ ´ë´ÜÈ÷ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒ ¼öÇà... ±Û·çŽ»ê Å»¼ö¼ÒÈ¿¼Ò(GDH)´Â °ÅÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐ °£ ¹ÌÅäÄܵ帮¾Æ ±âÁú °ø°£¿¡ ÇÑÁ¤µÇ¸ç, ±Û·çŽ»êÀÌ »êÈ­µÇ°í ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ °¡¼öºÐÇØµÇ¾î ¾ËÆÄ-ÄÉÅä±Û·çŸ¸£»ê(alpha-ketoglutarate) °ú ¾Ï¸ð´Ï¾Æ¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÏ´Â ¹ÝÀÀÀ» Ã˸ÅÇÏ´Â Å»¼ö¼ÒÈ¿¼Ò..... ÃéÀå¿¡¼­ Àν¶¸° ºÐºñ¸¦ À¯µµÇϱ⵵ ÇÏ´Â ±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ®´Â ü³»¿¡¼­ GABA·Î º¯È¯..... GABA´Â ³úÇϼöü·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼ºÀå È£¸£¸ó ¹æÃâÀ» ÃËÁø(( ¾ÏȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô´Â ÁÁÁö ¾Ê°í, Àν¶¸°ºÐºñÁõ°¡µµ ¿ª½Ã ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ¼ºÀåÀ» ÃËÁø°¡´É). 
***Ç÷°üÀÇ Áõ½Ä À¯µµ :: Àº Á¾¾çÁõ½Ä¿¡ ÇʼöÀûÀ̹ǷΠ¾ÏȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô´Â Å« ¹®Á¦ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. »õ·Î¿î Ç÷°üÀ» ¸¸µå´Â Ç÷°ü½Å»ý(angiogenesis)Àº Ç÷°ü½Å»ý ¸Å°³ÀÎÀÚ¿Í ¾ïÁ¦ÀÎÀÚ(pro- and anti-angiogenic factors)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¶ÀýµÇ´Â ¸Å¿ì º¹ÀâÇÑ °úÁ¤ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¾Ï Á¾¾çÀÌ Áõ½ÄÇÏ°í ÀüÀ̵DZâ À§Çؼ­´Â Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ ¿µ¾ç°ú »ê¼Ò°ø±ÞÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Á¾¾çÀÇ Å©±â°¡ 1-2 mm¸¦ ³Ñ¾î¼­·Á¸é Ç÷°ü½Å»ý¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸Çؾ߸¸ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ´ç´¢ ¸Á¸·Áõ(diabetic retinopathy)Àº ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ ¸Á¸· Ç÷°ü¿¡ Ç÷¾×¼øȯÀå¾Ö°¡ »ý±â´Â ´ç´¢º´ ÇÕº´ÁõÀ¸·Î, ÁøÇàµÇ¸é ¸Á¸·¿¡ ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ Ç÷°üÀÌ »õ·Î ÀÚ¶ó¸ç, ½Å»ýÇ÷°üÀº Á¤»ó Ç÷°üº¸´Ù ´õ Àß ÅÍÁö¹Ç·Î ´« ¼Ó¿¡ ½É°¢ÇÑ ÃâÇ÷À» ÀÏÀ¸Å°°í, ¶Ç ¸Á¸·ÀÇ ½Å»ýÇ÷°ü ¿·¿¡ ¼¶À¯¼º Á¶Á÷ÀÌ Áõ½ÄÇÏ´Â °æ¿ìµµ »ý±â¸ç, °á±¹ ½Ç¸í¿¡ À̸£°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ´ç´¢ ¸Á¸·Áõ(diabetic retinopathy)ȯÀÚµéÀº GABA¿Í ±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ® ¼öÁØÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ³ô¾ÆÁý´Ï´Ù. Ç÷°ü½Å»ý¿¡´Â Ç÷°ü³»ÇǼ¼Æ÷¼ºÀåÀÎÀÚ(VEGF)¶ó´Â ¿äÀÎ ¿ª½Ã ÇÔ²² ÀÛ¿ë...
**±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ® ¼ö¿ëüÀÇ ±æÇ×Á¦(glutamate receptor antagonist) Å׾ƴÑ(theanine).... ³ìÂ÷¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÇ´Â ¾Æ¹Ì³ë»êÀÇ ÀÏÁ¾. Å׾ƴÑÀº ±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ® ¼ö¿ëüÀÇ ±æÇ×Á¦À̸ç, µ¿½Ã¿¡ ³úÀÇ ½ºÆ®·¹½ºÈ£¸£¸óÀÎ ³ë¸£¿¡Çdz×ÇÁ¸°À» ³·ÃçÁÖ°í, GABA´Â »ó½Â½ÃÅ´....Å׾ƴÑÀº ¾Æ¹Ì³ë»êÀÎ ±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ®°¡ ¼¼Æ÷·Î ÀçÈí¼öµÇ´Â °ÍÀ» Â÷´Ü.Çϱ⿡ À̸¦ ±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ®/½Ã½ºÆ¾ ¿ª¿î¹Ýü(glutamate/cystine antiporter:xCT)¶ó ºÎ¸£¸ç, ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷³» °¡Àå °­·ÂÇÑ Ç×»êÈ­¼ººÐÀÎ ±Û·çŸġ¿Â(glutathione)À» ³·ÃçÁÖ´Â °á°ú¸¦ À¯µµ..... ±Û·çŸġ¿Â(glutathione) ÀúÇϽà ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼­ »ý¼ºµÇ´Â ³ëÆó¹°ÀÇ ½ºÆ®·¹½º¿¡ ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷°¡ ´ë´ÜÈ÷ ¹Î°¨ÇØÁö°í ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷»ç¸êÀÌ ÃËÁøµË´Ï´Ù. ±¸±âÀÚ(Lycium barbarum, Wolfberry) ¿ª½Ã ±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ® ±æÇ×ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ³ªÅ¸³¿...
*** ±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ®ÀÇ ºÐºñ¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ´Â  ¹æ±â(ÛÁÐù, Áß±¹¾î´Â Fangji, Radix Stephaniae tetrandrae)--ÁÖ¼ººÐÀÎ ÆÎÄ¡³î¸°(fangchinoline)°ú Å×Æ®¶õµå¸°(tetrandrine)ÀÌ Ç׾˷¯Áö, Ç׿°Áõ, Ç×°íÇ÷´ç, ±×¸®°í Ç×¾ÏÀÛ¿ëÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â ¸¹Àº ¾à¸®Àû È°¼ºÀ» º¸ÀÓ. ÆÎÄ¡³î¸°(fangchinoline)Àº ½Å°æº¸È£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÇÏ´Â ¼ººÐÀ» ÇÔÀ¯..... ´ë³úÇÇÁú ½Ã³ÀÅä¼Ø(cortical synaptosomes)¿¡¼­ Àü¾Ð ÀÇÁ¸ Ä®½·Ã¤³Î(Ca(2+) channel) È°¼ºÀÇ ¾ïÁ¦ ¹× Ä®½·ÀÌ¿Â(Ca(2+))ÀÇ ½Å°æÁ¾¸» ³»·Î À¯ÀÔÀ» »ó´çÈ÷ °¨¼Ò½ÃÅ´À¸·Î½á ±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ®ÀÇ ºÐºñ¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦.
http://www.herbalzym.com/ko/2011/02/%EC%95%94%EA%B3%BC-%EA%B8%80%EB%A3%A8%ED%83%80%EB%AF%BCglutamine-%EA%B8%80%EB%A3%A8%ED%83%80%EB%A9%94%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8glutamate-2/

https://synapse.koreamed.org/Synapse/Data/PDFData/0119JKMA/jkma-51-553.pdf
ÀÎü¼Õ»ó À¯¹ßÇÏ´Â À¯ÇØ ÀÚ±ØÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁü¿¡ µû¶ó ±× À§ÇèÀ» ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ´Â ½ÅÈ£·Î¼­ ±Þ¼ºÅëÁõÀº ±× ¼Õ»óºÎÀ§ Ä¡À¯¿Í ÇÔ²² »ç¶óÁö´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀϹÝÀû, Ç㳪 ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Åë³ä°ú´Â ¹Ý´ë·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ½Å°æº´Áõ(¼º) ÅëÁõ(neuropathic pain)....., ½Å°æ°èÀÇ ¼Õ»ó(damage) ¹× ±â´ÉºÎÀü(dysfunction)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼ö¹ÝµÇ´Â ¸¸¼ºÅëÁõÀ¸·Î Á¤ÀÇÇÔ.....½Å°æº´Áõ ÅëÁõ(neuropathic pain)ÀÇ º´¸®±âÀüÀº ÁßÃ߽Űæ°è³ª ¸»ÃʽŰæ°è¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ½Å°æ ÀÚü°¡ ¼Õ»óÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ ÅëÁõÀ» °üÀåÇÏ´Â ¼¾ÅÍ¿¡ °í¹Î°¨¼º ÅëÁõÀ¸·Î ´À³¢µµ·Ï À߸øµÈ ½ÅÈ£¸¦ º¸³»°Ô µÇ°í ¶ÇÇÑ ±× °á°ú ½Å°æ ÀÚü°¡ °ÝÅëÀ» À¯¹ßÇÏ°Ô µÊ.......½Å°æº´ÁõÅëÁõ(¸¸¼ºÅëÁõ)ÀÇ °æ¿ì ÅëÁõ°ü·Ã ÀÚ±ØÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ½ºÄ§(touch)°ú °°Àº °¨°¢µµ ¸»ÃʽŰæ°è¿¡¼­ ÁßÃ߽Űæ°è·Î À¯ÀԵǴ °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ À߸ø Çؼ®µÇ¾î ³ú¿¡¼­´Â ÅëÁõÀ¸·Î ÀνĵǹǷÎ, ¸¸¼ºÅëÁõ ȯÀÚµéÀº ½ºÄ¡´Â Á¤µµÀÇ ¾àÇÑ Àڱؿ¡µµ ½ÉÇÑ ÅëÁõÀ» È£¼Ò.... ÀÓ»óÀûÀΠƯ¡À¸·Î´Â ÁÖ·Î »çÁö¿¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¹ßÅë(spontaneous pain), ÀÌÁúÅë(allodynia), °¨°¢°ú¹Î(hyperalgesia)À» º¸À̸ç ÀÚÀ²½Å°æ°è ¹× ¿îµ¿½Å°æ°èÀÇ ±â´ÉÀÌ»ó ¼Ò°ß µîÀ» µ¿¹Ý..... ¿¹Àü¿£ ÀÛÀº ºÎ»óÀ̾ú´ø °æ¿ì¶óµµ ¹Ýº¹ÀûÀÎ ºÎ»óÀ» ÀÔÀº ÈÄ¿¡ ½Å°æÀÌ º¯¼º/¼Õ»óµÇ¸é¼­ »óóºÎÀ§»Ó¸¸ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±× ÁÖÀ§·Î Á¡Á¡ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°Ô ÅëÁõÀÌ ÆÛÁ®³ª°¡°í, ½ÉÇÏ¸é ½ºÄ¡´Â Á¤µµÀÇ Àڱؿ¡µµ ºñº´À» Áö¸¦ Á¤µµ·Î °Ý½ÉÇÑ ÅëÁõÀ» È£¼ÒÇÏ´Â º¹ÇÕºÎÀ§ ÅëÁõ ÁõÈıº(Complex Regional Pain syndrome: CRPS)ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇϱ⵵ ÇÔ.....º¹ÇÕºÎÀ§ÅëÁõÁõÈıº(CRPS : Complex Regional Pain Syndrome)Àº ¿¬ºÎ Á¶Á÷ÀÇ ¼Õ»ó, °ñÀý, ½Å°æ¼Õ»ó µî °¢Á¾ ¿Ü»ó ÈÄ ±× ¼Õ»ó ºÎÀ§¸¦ Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î Ÿ´Â µíÇÑ °Ý½ÉÇÑ ÅëÁõ, ÀÌÁúÅë(»ì¦ ´ê¾Æµµ ´À³¢´Â ÅëÁõ), °ú¹ÎÅë µîÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ÁúȯÀ¸·Î ±³°¨½Å°æ°úÀÇ ¿¬°è°¡ ÅëÁõÀ¯¹ß°ú °ü°èµÊ(¹Ý»ç¼º±³°¨½Å°æÀÌ¿µ¿µ¾çÁõÈıº : RSDS)....±Þ¼º±â(ù 3°³¿ù À̳»)¿¡´Â ÅëÁõ°ú ´õºÒ¾î ¹ßÀû, ºÎÁ¾, ¹ßÇÑ°¨¼Ò µîÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Ù°¡, ÀÌ¿µ¾ç±â(Áõ»ó¹ßÇö ÈÄ 3°³¿ù¿¡¼­ 1³â »çÀÌ)¿¡´Â ÇãÇ÷, ¹ßÇÑ°ú´Ù, ÇǺκ¯¼º µîÀ» º¸À̸ç, À§Ãà±â(12°³¿ù¿¡¼­ ¼ö³â)À¸·Î Á¢¾îµé¸é¼­ ÇǺΠÀ§Ãà, °ñ À§Ãà, °üÀý ±¸Ãà µîÀ¸·Î ÁøÇàµÇ¸ç °Ý½ÉÇÑ ÅëÁõÀÇ ¸¸¼ºÈ­·Î °íÅëÀ» ¹Þ°Ô µÊ...
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