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1.Eleutherococcus senticosus (Eleuthero) is the most widely researched herbal adaptogen and has been shown to be highly effective in improving your capability to respond to adverse conditions.
Human studies indicate that wild Eleuthero extract increases the ability of humans to withstand many adverse physical conditions (i.e., heat, noise, motion, workload increases, exercise, and decompression) and improves
mental alertness and work output, especially under stressful conditions.4
The root enhances endurance and sustains energy more effectively than the leaf, but you receive a greater range of benefits when the root and leaf are used together, as they are in Power Adapt.5
2.Schisandra seed (Schisandra chinensis) stimulates the central nervous system, which results in improved physical and mental capacity and better motor coordination.
Apparently, it has effects comparable to stimulants such as amphetamine and caffeine, but it doesn’t seem to cause an excitable response.
= white pueraria
1920년대 Burma(현 미얀마)의 구 수도 Panan에 있는 낡은 사원이 개축될 때 사원의 안쪽에 소장되어 있던 고문서가 우연히 발견되고 그 내용 중에 「퓨에라리아의 뿌리를 먹어 280세까지 산 여성의 전설」이 기록되어 있었다. 그로부터 퓨에라리아가 주목을 받기 시작해 젊어지고 싶은 사람들이나 장수를 위한 일반인들도 퓨에라리아를 먹게 되었다. 그러다가 1930년대에는 이 고문서의 소문이 세계에 퍼져 일부의 학자들도 퓨에라리아의 존재를 알게 되었다. 1960년 12월에는 세계에서 가장 권위 있는 영국의 과학잡지 「네이쳐」가 「퓨에라리아에 포함되어있는 ISO 플라본 유도체에 풍부한 가슴을 만들어 주는 효과가 있다」라고 발표해 온 세상의 연구자의 주목을 받게 되었다. 그러므로 퓨에라리아의 시작은 미얀마이며 미얀마산 퓨에라리아는 자연산이다.
퓨에라리아(Pueraria)는 콩과에 속하는 식물로 학술명은 퓨에라리아 미리피카(Pueraria Mirifica)라고 한다. 태국의 고산지대인 북부 첸마이 지방에서 세계적으로 유일하게 자라는 콩과의 식물로서 땅속 1~2M에 경근이 생기며 종류로서는 화이트, 레드, 블랙 등 세가지 종류로 나뉘며 그 중 화이트 퓨에라리아의 효능이 가장 좋다. 퓨에라리아는 딱딱한 넝쿨식물로 커다란 나무를 타고 자라며, 한개의 꽃봉우리에 3개의 잎사귀가 붙어 자라며, 타원형의 끝이 각진 잎사귀 모양을 하고 있다.
꽃은 분홍색이며 30cm가량의 폭으로 피며, 5개의 꽃잎으로 구성되어 있으며 겉의 것이 가장 크고 두개의 꽃잎이 양쪽으로 구부러져 있고, 안쪽의 꽃잎들이 화분을 감싸고 있다. 2월에서 3월까지 꽃을 피우고 4월에 씨를 맺게 되며 갈색 봉우리에서 3~4개의 씨를 낸다. 뿌리의 크기는 제각기 다르며, 감자와 모양이 비슷하다. Pueraria Mirifica는 오직 태국에만 발견이 되는 희귀식물로 다른 종류의 Pueraria Mirifica가 다른 국가에서 발견된다고 보도 되지만 전혀 다른 종류의 종으로서 같은 효과를 갖고 있지 않는 것으로 알려진다. 뿌리는 둥굴고 땅속으로 깊이 파고 들어가며, 자르면 탈지유와 같은 액체가 흘러나오며 추출액은 뿌리로부터 나오는 성분에서 추출한다.
Pueraria Mirifica의 식물성 에스트로겐을 쥐에게 투여 실험하여 그 효과가 입증되었으며, 수백명의 연구원들이 인간과 동물에 실험하여 사람에게는 유방을 키우는 화장품 원료로 사용되고 있다.
퓨에라리아는 태국의 과학자인 캐신 슈바타반두 교수에 의해 처음 학계에 알려졌으며, 태국 국립 츄라롱콘 대학의 위체이 교수에 의해 퓨에라리아 성분이 여성 호르몬 분비에 탁월한 효과가 있어서 유방발육 및 폐경증상 역전에 효과가 있다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 이에 태국 정부와 왕실은 외국 제약회사들의 난입 및 밀 반출을 막기위해 퓨에라리아를 보호식물로 지정하고 원료의 수출을 규제하였으며 정부차원에서 직접 관리하도록 하였다. 현재까지 과학적으로 증명된 Pueraria Mirifica의 성분은 여성 호르몬 분비를 촉진시키는 ISO플라본이 풍부하게 포함되어 있으며 ISO플라본이 풍부 한 식품으로서 대두(콩과)가 있지만 Pueraria Mirifica에 포함되어 있는 함유량이 대두의 약 40배에 달한다. 또, Pueraria Mirifica에는 대두에 포함되어 있지 않은 퓨에라린(ISO플라본의 일종)도 포함되어 있는데 가슴을 탄력있게 하는 기능은 이 프에라린의 작용인 것으로 알려졌다. 갱년기 장애나 생리불순 등 이른바 부인병의 상당수는 여성 호르몬의 불균형과 연관되어 있다. 의학적으로는 그러한 증상에 대해 여성 호르몬인 에스트로겐을 보충하는 요법을 사용하고 있다. Pueraria Mirifica의 ISO플라본은 에스트로겐과 같은 기능을 하는 것으로서 식물성 에스트로겐 유도체라고 불리고 있다. 이 ISO플라본은 식물에 포함되어 있는 천연 성분이므로 부작용이 없으며 합성된 호르몬제에 비해 안심하고 사용할 수 있다.
= red pueraria
"Butea Superba"(빨강 퓨에라리아) 허브를 사용, 이 허브는 남성의 리비도,*성적 기능*성적 스태미너등의 능력을 증진 시키는 것이 증명되고 있다. 남성호르몬에 매우 유사한 작용으로, 정력의 증진이나 발기력의 향상 등 남성의 기능에 직접, 강력하게 작용한다. 지금은 이 빨강 퓨에라리아를 분자 레벨까지 정제에 성공, 콘막스보다 흡수율이 좋아지고 있다.
빨강퓨에라리아는 한방약에도 사용되는 타이의 전통적인 고구마로 천연의 식물이며, 어떤 사람이 음식 해도 해가 없기 때문에 자연식계의 발기제로서 전세계의 남성에게 인기가 있다.
빨강 퓨에라리아는, 후라와노이트나 후라와노이트그리코사이드를 풍부하게 포함하고 있다. 후라와노이트나 후라와노이트그리코사이드는, c－AMP 포스포디에스테라제를 매개로 한, 성충동을 증강하는 보조 식품의 재료가 되고 있다. 후라와노이트나 후라와노이트그리코사이드는 남성에게 있어서 성욕 증진 식품으로서 작용하여, 남경의 근원부의 혈액 순환이 좋아지게 하고 이로인해, 성적 기능, 발기 기능등을 향상시킨다.
Butea Superba는 타이 북부 산림의 천연 허브로, 옛부터 현지의 사람들에게는 이러한 건강미용에 대한 효능이 잘 알려져 있었다. 근년 많은 연구자가 이 성분등을 조사해 신비성을 해명해 왔고, 현재는 타이의 많은 국립대학이 연구중으로, 가우크루아의 연구실이 설치 되어, 강좌도 많이 개설되고 있다.
퓨에라리아의 종류는 4종으로 분류되는데, 백*적*흑*서의 4종으로 분류되어 흰색(Pueraria Mirifica)은 여성용으로서 풍부한 가슴, 피부의 자양, 장수성 등 미용 효과를, 빨강(Butea Superba)은, 남성용으로서 성적 기능, 피로 회복, 고혈압, 콜레스테롤 등에 효과를 가져오는 것이 확인되어 있다.
###Butea Superba herb for sexual enhancement and its use in aphrodisiac formulas, by Ray Sahelian, M.D. Also known as Red Kwao Krua
---Research information, benefit and side effects
Butea superba is a plant found in Thailand. Butea herb is used by middle aged and older Thai men as a tonic and for sexual enhancement. I have not come across any studies that butea superba cream or capsules lead to breast enlargement. You will find this herb added to aphrodisiac herbal products for sexual enhancement purposes.
### Mechanism of action of butea superba
Very little Western research is available on butea. One study indicates that butea superba has some anticholinesterase activity. This would mean that butea can increase levels of acetylcholine in the body. Acetylcholine is known to be involved with erectile function and memory.
###Butea Aphrodisiac Properties
Butea superba is used as a sexual enhancer in Asia, particularly Thailand to enhance sexual desire. One human trial shows butea superba can improve erectile function in males (see below). Another study showed that when butea herb (the frondosa koen species) was given to male rats, they mounted female rats more often and they also ejaculated more frequently.
@Clinical trial of Butea superba, an alternative herbal treatment for erectile dysfunction.Asian J Androl. 20036.
White Kwao Krua (Pueraria mirifica) is a Thai phytoestrogen-rich plant that has been used for a long time as a herbal medicine. The related plant, Red Kwao Krua (Butea superba), is abundantly distributed in the Thai deciduous forest and has been popular among Thai males for the purpose of rejuvenation and increasing sexual vigor. The tuberous roots of Thai butea superba were found to contain flavonoid and flavonoid glycoside with cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor activity as well as sterol compounds, including beta-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol. However, the Indian Butea superba stem contains flavone glycoside and flavonol glycoside with no reports on its use for male sexual purposes. Butea superba contains a high cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor activity, which was directly related to corpus cavernosal vasodilation.
To study the effect of Butea superba on erectile dysfunction in Thai males. A 3-month randomized double-blind clinical trial was carried out in volunteers with erectile dysfunction, aged 30 years approximately 70 years, to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the crude preparation of Butea superba tubers on erectile dysfunction. Estimation of the sexual record indicated that 82% of the patients exhibited noticeable improvement. Hematology and blood chemistry analysis revealed no apparent change. The plant preparation appears to improve the erectile function in impotence patients without apparent toxicity.
###Side effects of butea superba
Researech in rodents does not indicate butea superba to have any significant side effects, but long term human studies are not yet available. In my experience, almost every sexual enhancing herb has a side effect when used in a high dosage.
@The toxicology of Butea superba, Roxb. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2002.
A study to determine the primary toxicological effects of Red Gwow Kreur (Butea superba, Roxb.) dry powder by micronucleus and dominant lethal tests was undertaken. Aqueous solution of butea superba dry powder in doses of 2, 20, 200 and 1,000 mg / kg / day were fed to male rats for 9 weeks. The results showed that 1,000 mg / kg / day of butea superba solution was significantly more effective in inducing the formation of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes than the control, whereas dominant lethal test indicated that none of the doses had a toxic effect on male reproduction. There were no abnormal changes in the number of implantation sites and the number of dead fetuses produced by females that had mated with butea superba treated males in comparison with the controls. In addition, the Red Gwow Kreur solutions had no effect on the body weights of the treated rats.
###Butea superba and fertility
@Effects of Butea superba on reproductive systems of rats.
Fitoterapia. 2006. Pharmaceutical-Cosmetic Raw Materials and Natural Products Research and Development Center, Institute for Science and Technology Research and Development, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
The effects of Butea superba on the reproductive system in male Wistar rats were investigated. The animals were fed daily with the powdered crude butea superba herb suspended in distilled water by a gastric tube at the dose of 2, 25, 250 and 1250 mg/kg body weight for 8 weeks. The weights of all vital organs in all treated groups were not different from the control. The percentage weight ratios of body weights of seminal vesicles and prostate glands were not different from the control, except that the testis of the group fed with 1250 mg/kg was significantly different from the control and the other treated groups. In addition, the sperm counts in this group showed about 16% more than the control group. Hematology as well as the liver and kidney function of all treated groups showed no difference from the control. Butea superba, drug at 250 mg/kg which was 100 times more than the Thai FDA recommended dose for humans appeared to be safe in rats. butea superba herb increased testis weight and sperm counts.
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###Antimicrobial properties of butea superba
Compounds within butea superba have antimicrobial activity against several organisms.
###Butea superba availability
Butea superba herb is sold as raw powder and in different potency extracts including a 4 to 1 extract and even as high as a 30 to 1 extract. Most often you will find butea superba as part of sexual enhancing herbal formulas.
###Butea Superba Herb Research Update
The differential anti-proliferation effect of white (Pueraria mirifica), red (Butea superba), and black (Mucuna collettii) Kwao Krua plants on the growth of MCF-7 cells.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2004.
The differential anti-proliferation effect of white (Pueraria mirifica), red (Butea superba) and black (Mucuna collettii) Kwao Krua plant extracts on the growth of MCF-7 cells was evaluated after 4 days of incubation. The results demonstrated that only butea superba showed an estrogenic effect on MCF-7 cell growth and a clear antagonistic effect with E(2) at high concentration. Butea superba and Mucuna collettii exhibited only anti-proliferation effects on the growth of MCF-7 cells in relation with a possible anti-estrogen mechanism or a potent cytotoxic effect.
@Aphrodisiac activity of Butea frondosa Koen. ex Roxb. extract in male rats. Phytomedicine. 2004.
In the present study, the aphrodisiac activity of Butea frondonsa Koen. ex Roxb (Papillionaceae) bark extract was investigated. The extract was administered orally by gavage for 28 days. Mount latency (ML), intromission latency (IL), ejaculation latency (EL), mounting frequency (MF), intromission frequency (IF), ejaculation frequency (EF) and post-ejaculatory interval (PEI) were the parameters observed before and during the sexual behavior study. The extract reduced significantly ML, IL, EL and PEI. The butea extract also increased significantly MF, IF and EF. These effects were observed in sexually active and inactive male rats.
@Screening for acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity in plants used in Thai traditional rejuvenating and neurotonic remedies. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003.
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor has been used as a drug for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In order to search for new AChE inhibitors, 32 plants used in Thai traditional rejuvenating and neurotonic remedies were collected. The results showed that the methanolic extracts from roots of Stephania suberosa Forman. and Tabernaemontana divaricata at concentration of 0.1 mg/ml inhibited more than 90% of AChE activity. At the same concentration, four extracts, i.e. stems of Piper interruptum Opiz., seeds of Piper nigrum L., rootbarks of Butea superba Roxb. and roots of Cassia fistula L. extracts showed 50-65% inhibitory activity on AChE. The rest of the extracts showed the AChE inhibitory activity below 50%.
###Butea Superba emails
I tried lots of herbal products for sexual problems that did nothing... until I tried the butea superba. The butea superba works like you say the Passion Rx does, in that you don't get the maximale effects for about a day or so. But, taking it every 2nd or 3rd day allowed me to perform at anytime. It was so much better than Viagra, no side effects, and you didn't have to time it.
Same customer a few weeks later writes: We had a product up here called Bell Magnum Bullets, manufactured by a Canadian company that worked wonders for me. I was able to take one capsule every second day and it allowed me the spontaniety to be able to perform at anytime. In other words, the effects were accumulative. The Canadian Gov't banned it saying that the product could be harmful to people who use nitrates, much the same way as Viagra. The manufacturer prompted legal action to keep the Bullets but of course the Gov't won out. I believe it was the butea that was alarming the Gov't. They said they did not have enough info on it, so they could not take any chances. What gained my attention to Passion was the statement on your web page that said the effects were cumulative, and that it would build up in your system, much like the Bullets. I don't want anything that you have to "Time" before planned activity. I found the Bullets took about 8 hours to feel the desired effects, and it would last for a few days. With Passion, it takes longer to kick in, but once it does, the libido effects are stronger. So, to compare, I liked the Bullets in that I knew in time of about 6-8 hours the effects would be there, and for over a day or so, but the libido feeling is stronger with Passion once it kicks in. I've done research on butea, and it is an herb, used for many years in Asia as an effective aphrodisiac, and proven safe as well. It's just that in the West, not enough research has been done, thus little is known about butea. I think butea would be a very effective supplement to Passion, if it could gain legal approval.
***Cf>Passion Rx -- For men and women -- Formulated by Dr. Ray Sahelian, M.D.
How quickly does this natural sexual enhancer work
Passion Rx provides results that are sometimes seen the first or second day, but are most noticeable the third or fourth day. Our feedback thus far indicates more than 80% user satisfaction within the first week, and 90 percent by the end of the second week.
Also consider additional natural products that improve libido and performance in a male and female. These include mucuna pruriens, tongkat ali, horny goat weed, tribulus terrestris, maca, catuaba, muira puama and yohimbe.
Dr. Sahelian and his research staff have tested various doses and extracts of exotic herbs from a number or raw material suppliers to determine the ideal dose and combination for optimal libido enhancement with fewest side effects. After years of trial and error, a unique proprietary blend with more than a dozen herbal extracts, has been created. This unique blend is a close kept secret known only to Dr. Sahelian and his research staff. You will only find this exact combination in Passion Rx. Passion Rx enhances sexual stamina, erectile function, orgasms and climaxes. See a list of aphrodisiacs that are natural.
In recent years science has made breakthroughs in the understanding of sexual dysfunction. But, for hundreds of years, civilizations around the world have known about locally grown herbs that achieve wonderful results with far fewer side effects than prescription drugs. Now, renowned physician and herbal expert Dr. Ray Sahelian, M.D., author of Natural Sex Boosters, has discovered a combination of exotic herbal extracts from the Amazon jungle, India, China, Malaysia, and Africa, that provides a natural solution for those seeking an alternative to synthetic drugs.
The potent herbal extracts in Passion Rx include Ashwagandha herb, Catuaba herb, Cnidium herb, Coleus forskohlii herb, Damiana herb, Horny goat weed, Maca extract, Passion flower extract, Mucuna pruriens extract, Muira puama herb, Suma herb, Rehmannia, Rhodiola, Shilajit, Tribulus, and Tongkat Ali. A version of Passion Rx is available with yohimbe. Passion Rx does not have butea superba at this time.
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###HOLY BASIL -Heavenly Herb Encourages Weight Loss and Fights Diabetes--By Suzy Cohen, RPh on 09/13/2011
Dear Pharmacist,
I’m concerned about diabetes, I’m overweight, and it runs in my family. My sister has your diabetes book and said you recommend Holy Basil, among other herbs and nutrients. Is that the same as regular basil and would you tell me more
--.A.L., Rockwall, Texas
Answer: I think Holy Basil a fabulous herb. This herb has been prized for centuries and is considered a sacred plant. It is related to other types of basil, but it’s not the same as the fresh basil you buy in American supermarkets (which is great too), or the dried spice form. Holy Basil acts as an “adaptogen” in the body, meaning it helps you adapt. It protects cells, improves endurance and helps you cope with stress by supporting adrenal and thyroid function.
Holy Basil is also called “Tulsi” in Ayurvedic medicine; both terms refer to the herb known in latin as Ocimum sanctum. Whatever you call it, it delivers!
Compounds in Holy Basil have been shown in clinical trials to nourish the pancreas, and specifically help generate healthy new beta cells. These beta cells are the body’s insulin-production factories, and insulin lowers blood sugar. See the connection Holy Basil helps other cells in your body open up their receptor (their door), which welcomes insulin like a long lost friend. This is a beautiful thing, because it lightens the load on your liver and precious adrenal glands. You may notice fewer craving for sweets. Hey, getting your hand out of the cookie jar could mean faster weight loss!
Listen up if you have high cholesterol or triglycerides. Conventional medicine might call for statin drugs to reduce these markers. Studies suggest that Holy Basil can help reduce blood fats which, as you know, contribute to heart disease and remain a devastating complication of diabetes. Holy Basil happens to be a potent antioxidant, sweeping away damaged cells that could run amok. Tulsi happens to also have antibacterial and anti-fungal properties. I hate fungus. I’m all about killing bad germs, and growing good ones (probiotics). With that in mind, consider Holy Basil this fall to reduce the risk of cough and cold.
I drink Holy Basil every day, in the form of tea (it’s called Tulsi Tea), and I keep the tea bags in my purse so at restaurants, I just ask for a cup of hot water and steep it at my table. Holy Basil is stronger when taken as an oral supplement. Organic India, New Chapter and Source
Naturals all make commercial brands. As for safety, it’s been used for eons and has an impressive track record, but because it lowers blood sugar, I don’t want you to combine it with prescribed diabetes medication unless you closely monitor your blood sugar and remain supervised by your doctor so he can reduce medication dosage when necessary. You’ll find other simple recommendations to manage diabetes and weight in my new book Diabetes without Drugs, available at bookstores nationwide and Amazon.
Related articles of interest:
Your Garden’s Hidden Pharmacy
Gymnema: Ancient herbal “sugar destroyer”
17 Health Benefits of Cayenne Pepper
@@@Description of Holy Basil
Holy Basil, or 'Tulsi' is an aromatic herb considered by Hindus in India to be the holy incarnation of Lakshmi, the goddess of fortune and beauty and wife of Vishnu. Although it is related to the basil that we, in the west, use as a culinary herb, in India it is a sacred healing herb, one of the most venerated and ancient and not considered appropriate for cooking.
The Rig Veda, in about 1500 BC, first mentions Holy Basil as a healing herb. An annual herbal shrub with purple flowers, it originated in tropical Asia but was spread across the known world because of its medicinal powers and sacred nature. It's traditional use as an adaptogenic tonic in Ayurvedic Medicine to balance the mind, nerves and emotions and neutralize the effects of stress was supported with a recent study in which it proved to be a more effective anti-stress agent than either Siberian or Asian Ginseng. It has for centuries been used to treat a variety of medical conditions including heart problems, asthma, bronchitis, arthritis, eye disorders and even snake bite. Currently it is being investigated for such uses as a COX-II anti-inflammatory agent, an antioxidant, and as a treatment for bacterial, fungal and viral infections and even to control blood sugar.
@@@Key Uses of Holy Basil
High Blood Pressure
Cardiovascular health
Stress reduction
Type 2 Diabetes
Immune Support
Anti-Inflammatory
@@@Clinical Applications of Holy Basil
Cholesterol normalizing action - research results have shown a lowering of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid and LDL-cholesterol levels, and significant increases in HDL-cholesterol.
Anti-oxidant activity - there is evidence that Holy Basil has components that help protect the health of cardiovascular tissue by inhibiting oxidative agents due to high cholesterol.
Stress reduction- lowers cortisol production in adrenals.
Liver support activity- preliminary indications are that Holy Basic may promote liver health by reducing damage due to radiation exposure or environmental pollution such as pesticides.
Diabetes - preliminary studies are also indicating that aspects of Holy Basil can stabilize blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes.
Immune support - studies have indicated an increase in white blood cells and their activity.
Anti-inflammatory - animal studies have suggested the ability of Holy Basil to inhibit the COXII pain pathways.
There are indications that in addition to these, Holy Basic or Tulsi has demonstrated these abilities:
-improves stamina and endurance
-diminishes inflammation
-antibiotic, antiviral, antifungal
-encourages efficient use of oxygen
@@How Holy Basil Works
'Adaptogens' are still new to western medicine, yet this grouping represents the most effective and perhaps ancient systemic remedies available to mankind. By definition, an adaptogen has a normalizing effect on the body. Although western medicine is still struggling to understand how this mechanism works, we know that Tulsi, like other adaptogens, contains many nutrients and active phytochemicals which act synergistically to bring about a state of balance in almost all of the body's systems.
@@Safety of Holy Basil
Holy Basil has shown no serious side effects and is generally considered safe for use in adults. No drug interactions have been observed.
@@Precautions of Holy Basil
Not recommended for pregnant or lactating mothers due to possible uterine contractions. Blood sugar lowering could cause a problem for hypoglycemic patients.
@@Recommended Amounts of Holy Basil
Because herbs also contain active chemical substances which can and will interact with others, no herb or drug should be taken without first consulting with one's physician.
The recommended starting dose is 300-600mg daily or 3-5 cups of Tulsi tea daily.(500mg Bid-maximum)
http://bouldernaturallabs.com/healthlibrary/holy-basil.html
&&&HOLY BASIL
The subject of stress in modern society and its myriad of detrimental effects to our health has been well established and well debated, with a consensus being that stress management/reduction is an investment that pays very good dividends. Methods for stress management/reduction abound, as do pharmaceutical and natural substances to treat it. The latter features numerous ingredients dedicated to sedation and calmness, and one of the most well-established of these is Ocimum teniflorum (syn. sanctum), also known as “Tulsi” in its native India and “Holy Basil” in the west. Although botanically related to the type of sweet basil typically used in cooking (Ocimum basilicum), it is not the same species, and has different pharmacological and therapeutic properties.
In the traditional Indian school of medicine known as Ayurveda, various parts of the plant (leaves, stems, flowers and roots) have been used for the treatment of a large number of conditions, including bronchitis, bronchial asthma, malaria, diarrhea, dysentery, skin diseases, arthritis, painful eye diseases, chronic fever and insect bites. In addition to this, holy basil has been suggested to possess anticancer, antidiabetic, antifungal, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antiemetic, antispasmodic, analgesic, adaptogenic and diaphoretic actions. Scientists have begun to investigate the pharmacology and therapeutic potential of this herb and these studies have established a scientific basis for the use of holy basil for many of these conditions. Thus far, glucose metabolism and anxiety management are the ones that have reached the all-important clinical stage involving human trials. Although the other conditions remain in the animal or in-vitro stages, they are nevertheless compelling.
Holy basil contains a number of active constituents including tannins, phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The primary active compounds responsible for this herb’s diverse benefits include eugenol, oleanolic acid, caryophyllene and ursolic acid.
@@@Anti-Anxiety Effects
Holy basil has been reported to induce relaxation, promote a feeling of calm and reduce stress. One Indian study examined this effect in patients with generalized anxiety disorder, as anxiety is a central precursor to stress. Thirty-five individuals (21 male and 14 female between the ages of 18-60) were given 500 mg of holy basil twice daily for 60 days. The subjects consisted of people from various professions and walks of life, which is important considering the role played by social status in determining levels of anxiety and stress. Patient progress was measured according to the seven point scoring system of the modified Hamilton’s brief psychiatric rating scale. According to these standardized index scores, depression, anxiety and stress were reduced by 13.2%, 19.2%, and 11.5% respectively.
In animal studies, holy basil helped to lower glucose and cortisol levels that were elevated in laboratory mice. Cortisol is the catabolic hormone released by the adrenal glands in response to stress, and it’s release is synonymous with an inflammatory cascade that is associated with a myriad of ailments in humans, ranging from cardiovascular disease to depression.
##Ayurvedic Precepts of Anxiety
There is a significant amount of religious sentiment surrounding the use of Holy Basil in its ancient Ayurvedic form, and it is often planted around Hindu shrines. Even its Indian name of Tulsi is Sanskrit for ‘the incomparable one’, and on an even deeper religious level, the plant is often regarded in India as the consort of Vishnu himself.
With such strong alchemic overtures, it becomes increasingly inviting to view Holy Basil’s evolution into an anti-anxiety treatment as a natural one. Indeed, Holy Basil’s Ayurvedic applications do overlap with some of the symptoms associated with anxiety. One of these is the Ayurvedic practice of using Holy Basil as an aphrodisiac. Another is it’s use as an anti-stress or adaptogenic remedy, a role shared by another Ayurvedic herb, namely ashwagandha. In fact, ashwagandha and holy basil formed two of the key ingredients in a multi-herbal combination that was shown to reduce numerous measures of stress response in laboratory rats. These stress response indices included gastric ulceration, plasma corticosterone levels, serum lipid compositions, hepatic/renal functions, glucose intolerance, suppressed sexual drive, induced behavioral despair, cognitive dysfunction and immunosuppression.
@@@Blood Sugar Balance
This role for holy basil has been strongly researched, having reached the multi-clinical stage. One such trial involved 40 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients and examined the effects of holy basil supplementation on fasting, post-meal blood glucose, and serum cholesterol levels in these patients. It was revealed that holy basil supplementation resulted in a reduction of fasting and post-meal blood glucose levels of 17.6% and 7.3% respectively, with a modest reduction in serum cholesterol levels.
Another human trial involved 27 NIDDM patients, and this one measured more variables and with greater detail. One month of supplementation with one gram of holy basil daily resulted in the significant lowering of blood glucose (20.8%), total amino acids (13.5%), total cholesterol (11.3%), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (14%), very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (16.3%) and triglycerides (16.4%). There was also an 11.2% reduction in glycated proteins (which are proteins that are damaged by exposure to glucose without the mediating action of a co-enzyme) as well as a 13.7% reduction in uronic acid, a product of the oxidation of sugar.
@@@Antioxidant Activity
The active components of holy basil are powerful antioxidants with a significant ability to scavenge highly reactive and dangerous free radicals. In test tube and animal studies, extracts from holy basil have been shown to increase levels of antioxidant enzymes, prevent lipid peroxidation and protect against oxidative damage. Lipid peroxidation is especially dangerous, as it leads to cellular damage and eventually cell death. As such, lipid peroxidation has been linked to inflammatory conditions, cardiovascular diseases and even cancer.
@@@Further Benefits Still
This is just the beginning of this amazing herb’s potential actions.
Holy basil seems to exhibit anticonvulsant effects in animal studies in high doses (400-800 mg/kg) comparable to the drug phenytoin.
Research has also shown that holy basil is a very effective anti-inflammatory. In laboratory rats, for example, holy basil reduced paw edema (swelling) by 66%. This seems to be due to the inhibition of the enzyme COX-2 by eugenol, which may also explain holy basil’s capabilities as an analgesic (pain-reliever). COX-2 inhibition is a mechanism common to numerous painkillers.
Holy Basil is also known to be used in India to treat poisonings, and animal studies show that it can decrease measures of mercury toxicity. Holy basil also possesses significant antibacterial properties, effectively killing the species Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus pumilus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, holy basil has the potential to be a potent anti-parasitic agent. Studies have shown that active compounds in the plant are effective in killing the parasite Leishmania and the parasite that causes malaria (plasmodium).
There is even some scientific interest in holy basil seed oil as an anti-carcinogenic. Preliminary evidence from laboratory animal studies suggests that the oil can delay progression and improve survival rates in models of fibrosarcoma - a type of malignant tumor derived from connective tissue.
Animal studies also suggest that holy basil seed oil has a protective effect against gastric ulceration from aspirin, indomethacin, and alcohol. Such studies also appear to demonstrate a vasodilatory effect on the part of holy basil, and this widening of arterial blood vessels leads to a lowering of blood pressure which seems very consistent with the anti-anxiety effects observed in humans.
##References:
Agrawal P, Rai V, Singh RB. Randomized placebo-controlled single-blind trial of holy basil leaves in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1996; 34: 406-409.
Bhattacharyya D, Sur TK, Jana U, Debnath PK. Controlled programmed trial of Ocimum sanctum leaf on generalized anxiety disorders. Nepal Med Coll J. 2008 Sep;10(3):176-9.
Geetha RK, Vasudevan DM. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by botanical extracts of Ocimum sanctum: in vivo and in vitro studies. Life Sci. 2004 Nov 19;76(1):21-8.
Prakash P, Gupta N. Therapeutic uses of Ocimum sanctum Linn (Tulsi) with a note on eugenol and its pharmacological actions: a short review. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2005 Apr;49(2):125-31.
Rai V, Mani UV, Iyer UM. Effect of Ocimum sanctum Leaf Powder on Blood Lipoproteins, Glycated Proteins and Total Amino Acids in Patients with Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Nutritional & Environmental Medicine (1997) 7, 113-118.
Gholap S, Kar A. Hypoglycaemic effects of some plant extracts are possibly mediated through inhibition in corticosteroid concentration. Pharmazie. 2004 Nov;59(11):876-8.
Muruganandam AV, Kumar V, Bhattacharya SK. Effect of poly herbal formulation, EuMil, on chronic stress-induced homeostatic perturbations in rats. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology Vol. 40, October 2002, pp. 1151-1160.
Prakash J, Gupta SK. Chemopreventive activity of Ocimum sanctum seed oil. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Volume 72, Issues 1-2, 1 September 2000, PP. 29-34.
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