###Clinical characteristics of the Glucocorticoid Resistance syndrome(´ç·ùÄÚ¸£Æ¼ÄÚÀ̵å ÀúÇ×ÁõÈıºÀÇ ÀÓ»ó Ư¡) -glucocorticoid receptor(GR or GCR) defect°¡ ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ß»ýÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸é, GCR defect·Î ÀÎÇØ ¹ß»ýµÈ end-organ insensitivity´Â »ó½ÂµÈ ÄÚƼ¼Ö·Î ÃæºÐÈ÷ º¸»óÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ excess ACTH ·Î ÀÎÇØ ºÎ½Å½ºÅ×·ÎÀ̵åÈ£¸£¸óµé - ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é DOC¿Í corticosterone°°Àº salt-retaining (mineralocorticoid. MC) activity, androstendione, DHEA, DHEASó·³ androgenic activity¸¦ °¡Áø-µéÀÌ ¶ÇÇÑ Áõ°¡ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÓ»óÁõ»óÀ¸·Î´Â ȯÀÚÀÇ Á¤»ó MCR¿¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â °ú´ÙÄÚƼ¼Ö ÀÚü¿Í MC excess°¡ hypokalemic alkalosis µ¿¹ÝÀ¯¹«¿Í °ü°è¾øÀÌ °íÇ÷¾ÐÀ» À¯¹ß½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¹Ý¸é¿¡, ¾Èµå·ÎÁ¨ °ú´Ù´Â ¿©¼º¿¡¼ ¿©µå¸§, ü¸ð°ú´Ù, ³²¼ºÇüÅ»¸ð, ¿ù°æºÒ±ÔÄ¢(oligo-amenorrhea) , oligo-ovulation, ºÒÀÓ µîÀ» ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ¼Ò³â±â¿¡¼ prepubertal adrenal androgen ºÐºñ°¡ Á¶±â¿¡ °ú´ÙÇÏ°Ô ³ªÅ¸³²À¸·Î½á ambiguous genitalia¿Í precocious puberty¸¦ º¸ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¼ºÀγ²¼º¿¡¼´Â oligospermia and infertility°¡ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö Àִµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ¾Æ¸¶µµ FSH feedback regulationÀÇ Â÷´Ü °á°ú·Î º¸À̸ç classic and ¡°late-onset¡± congenital adrenal hyperplasia ¿¡¼ º¸µíÀÌ excessive adrenal androgens and/or ACTH –induced intratesticular growth of adrenal rests¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó »ý°¢µÈ´Ù. adrenal androgensÀÇ excessive secretion ¶§¹®¿¡, bone mass (BMD measurements)´Â º¸Åë GCRSȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô¼´Â high-normalÀ̰ųª »ó½ÂÇϴµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ °ñ´Ù°øÁõÀÌ ±× Ư¡ Áß ÇϳªÀÎ CS°ú ¶Ñ·ÇÇÑ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª GCRSÀÇ ÀÓ»óÀû½ºÆåÆ®·³Àº ¸Å¿ì ³Ð¾î¼ completely asymptomatic¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ mild and to severe symptomatic conditions¿¡±îÁö À̸¥´Ù.. ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÇöÀç±îÁö Áø´ÜµÈ ȯÀÚ ¹× °¡Á·¿¬±¸¿¡¼ ¹ß°ßµÈ ¿©·¯ ÁÖüµéÀº »ýÈÇÐÀûº¯È¸¸ ÀÖ°í ¹«Áõ»óÀÎ °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹´Ù.
###Diagnosis of the Glucocorticoid Resistance syndrome GCRSÀÇ Áø´ÜÀû Ư¡ : 1.Ç÷û ¹× ¼Òº¯ ÄÚƼ¼Ö Áõ°¡-ACTH Á¤»óÀ̰ųª »ó½Â(DHEAµµ), CSÀÇ ÀÓ»óÀû ¸ð½ÀÀº ¾øÀ½. 2.ACTH¿Í ÄÚƼ¼ÖÀÇ ½ºÆ®·¹½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áֱ⸮µë¹ÝÀÀº¯È´Â Á¤»ó 3.DXM 1ȸ-¼öȸ Åõ¿©¿¡µµ ¹ÝÀÀ¾ø´Ù.(no Suppression) 4.ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Áø´ÜÀû °Ë»ç : Thymidine incorporation and dexamethasone binding assays on peripheral blood mononuclear cells or cultured skin fibroblasts, as well as sequencing of genomic DNA or complementary DNA @@Differential diagnosis -- Cushing¡¯s syndrome, especially early or mild forms : hypercortisolism+ normal or mildly elevated ACTH levels, a preserved ACTH and cortisol circadian rhythm, and lack of cortisol suppression by dexamethasone -- pseudocushing¡¯s states : generalized anxiety disorder, melancholic depression and/or chronic active alcoholism¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¾ß±â -- conditions associated with elevated serum levels of cortisol-binding globulin -- other causes of mineralocorticoid-induced hypertension -- idiopathic hirsutism -- polycystic ovary syndrome, and other causes of hirsutism, such as ¡°late-onset¡± congenital adrenal hyperplasia (20).
###Therapy of Glucocorticoid Resistance syndrome --Asymptomatic, normotensive subjects with primary glucocorticoid resistance :Ä¡·á°¡ ÇÊ¿ä ¾øÀ½.. --symptomatic generalized glucocorticoid resistance : high, individualized doses of oral dexamethasone (0.5-1.0 mg two or three times daily), a synthetic, potent glucocorticoid with minimal intrinsic mineralocorticoid activity. ***Ä¡·á¸ñÇ¥ : ACTH, endogenous cortisol, DOC, corticosterone, adrenal androgen secretionÀ» ¾ïÁ¦½ÃÅ°°í, mineralocorticoid and androgen excess states¸¦ ¹Ù·ÎÀâ´Â °Í. Ä¡·á°¡ Àß ¾ÈµÇ¸é(Áï Adequate suppression of the HPA axis°¡ ÀϾÁö ¸øÇϸé) severe impairment of GR functionÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡¼´Â, longstanding corticotroph hyperstimulation in association with decreased glucocorticoid negative feedback À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ACTH-secreting adenoma°¡ »ý±æ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. @@Hypertensive patients : MC¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ°í ÀüÇØÁú±ÕÇüÀ» ȸº¹½ÃÅ°´Â ÃÖ¼Ò·®À» ¾²°í, @@Hirsute patients : androgen excess¸¦ ÁÙÀÌ´Â ¿ë·®À» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿øÄ¢. @@GCRSȯÀÚ Ä¡·á ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ¾²´Â dexamethasone dosesÀº Á¤»óÀο¡°Ô À־ ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ¾à ¸®ÇÐÀû ¿ë·®À¸·Î¼ ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀ» À¯¹ß ½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸ GCRS¿¡¼´Â Àå±â°£À» ½áµµ ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀ̳ª Cushingoid feature°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. @@Ä¡·áÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô¼ adrenal insufficiency ¹ß»ýÀ§ÇèÀº ¾ø°í, ¼ö¼úÀ̳ª Áߺ´ ¹ß»ý½Ã¿¡µµ DXM¸¦ »õ·Ó°Ô Åõ¿©ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù . ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌ¹Ì DXMÄ¡·áÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº GC coverage°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
##Âü°í : http://www.endotext.org/adrenal/adrenal16/ch01s02.html http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/reprint/84/12/4454.pdf
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